The Connection Between Glaucoma and Vision Loss


The Connection Between Glaucoma and Vision Loss

Glaucoma: What is it?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which is crucial for vision. This damage is often caused by abnormally high pressure in the eye. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to vision loss and blindness.

Symptoms of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it typically has no early warning signs. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

  • Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
  • Blurred or hazy vision
  • Eye pain or redness (in certain types of glaucoma)
  • Halos around lights
  • Blurred vision
  • Difficulty adjusting to changes in lighting
  • Severe headaches

Causes of Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which damages the optic nerve. The main causes of high eye pressure include:

  • Blocked drainage channels: Preventing normal fluid flow out of the eye.
  • Overproduction of eye fluid (aqueous humor): Leading to pressure buildup.
  • Genetics: A family history of glaucoma increases the risk.
  • Medical conditions: Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease can contribute.
  • Eye injuries: Trauma to the eye may increase eye pressure.

How do Eye Exams Detect Glaucoma?

Regular comprehensive eye exams are crucial for detecting glaucoma early. Since symptoms often do not appear until significant damage has occurred, routine screenings help identify high eye pressure and optic nerve damage before vision loss begins. Eye doctors use tests such as:

  • Tonometry (measuring eye pressure)
  • Ophthalmoscopy (examining the optic nerve)
  • Perimetry (visual field test)
  • Pachymetry (measuring corneal thickness)

What Vision Looks like with Glaucoma

People with glaucoma typically experience gradual vision loss starting with peripheral (side) vision. Over time, this loss progresses toward the center, leading to “tunnel vision.” In advanced stages, central vision may also be affected, resulting in complete blindness if untreated.

Glaucoma Treatments

Although glaucoma has no cure, treatments can slow its progression and preserve vision. Common treatments include:

  • Eye drops: Lowering eye pressure by reducing fluid production or increasing drainage.
  • Oral medications: Used if eye drops are not effective.
  • Laser therapy: Procedures like laser trabeculoplasty improve fluid drainage.
  • Surgery: In severe cases, surgeries such as trabeculectomy or drainage implants help lower eye pressure.

Different Types of Glaucoma

There are several types of glaucoma, including:

  • Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): The most common type, with slow, painless progression.
  • Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A sudden increase in eye pressure, causing severe pain and vision loss.
  • Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Damage to the optic nerve despite normal eye pressure.
  • Congenital Glaucoma: Present at birth due to abnormal eye drainage development.
  • Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by eye injuries, medications, or other conditions.

Glaucoma Can lead to Blindness

Yes, if left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent blindness. Early detection and treatment are essential to slow progression and preserve vision. While treatment cannot restore lost vision, it can help maintain current sight. Detection and treatment are crucial to maintain as much vision as possible.

Vision Loss After Glaucoma Surgery

Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that requires early detection and lifelong management. Regular eye exams, awareness of symptoms, and prompt treatment can help protect vision and prevent blindness. If you are at risk or have concerns, consult an eye care professional for screening and advice.

Access additional information and resources today! These vision simulations help explain various types of vision loss and Glaucoma Awareness Month.

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